Legal Guides & Latest Articles

Corporate Law

Penalty Clauses in Turkish Commercial Contracts: What Articles 179 to 182 of the Code of Obligations Provide, Why a Merchant Cannot Ask the Court to Reduce the Figure, Where the Only Remaining Limit Lies, How the Clause Interacts with Interest, Employment and Liability Caps, and How to Draft It

Penalty clauses in Turkey: Articles 179 to 182 of the Code of Obligations, why a merchant cannot have a penalty reduced, and how to draft the clause.

Montenegro Commercial Law

Penalty Clauses in Montenegrin Commercial Contracts: What Articles 277 to 283 of the Law on Obligations Allow, Why a Penalty on Late Payment Is Void, When a Court Reduces the Figure, How Excess Loss Is Recovered, and How a Purchasing or Sales Department Should Draft the Clause

Penalty clauses in Montenegro: Articles 277 to 283 of the Law on Obligations, no penalty on money debts, court reduction, excess loss and drafting.

Corporate Law

Late Payment in Business-to-Business Contracts in Turkey: The Sixty-Day Cap and Automatic Default of Commercial Code Article 1530, the Interest Rates That Apply in 2026, the Eight-Day Invoice Rule, the Clauses That Are Void, and How a Finance Department Should Draft and Chase

Late payment in Turkey: Article 1530's 60-day cap and automatic default, the 2026 interest rates, the 8-day invoice rule and void clauses.

Montenegro Commercial Law

Late Payment Between Businesses in Montenegro: The Thirty-Day Default and Sixty-Day Cap of Law 113/2024, How Default Interest Is Fixed Each Half-Year, the Forty-Euro Compensation, the Clauses That Are Void, and How a Finance Department Should Draft and Chase

Montenegro late payment: 30 and 60 day limits under Law 113/2024, 10.40% default interest in late 2026, 40 euro compensation, void clauses.

Montenegro Commercial Law

An Outsourced Legal Department for Companies Operating in Montenegro: What a Purchasing Team Should Get From Its Lawyers in a Day, Why Montenegrin Contracts Need No Form, Who May Sign Them, Which Clauses Decide the Money, and How Customer Complaints Are Answered in Time

Outsourced legal department in Montenegro: same-day contract review, a negotiation mandate, written answers in your language, the law behind them.

Corporate Law

Outsourced Legal Counsel for Companies in Turkey: What a Purchasing or Finance Department Should Expect From Its Lawyers, Why a Turkish Contract Can Be Finished the Same Day, Who May Sign It, Which Clauses Decide the Money, and How Customer Demands Are Answered in Writing

Outsourced legal counsel for companies in Turkey: same-day contract review, a negotiation mandate, written answers in your language, the law behind them.

Legal Updates

Arrested in Montenegro after 17 September 2026: the letter of rights must be in writing and in your language

Legal Updates

Arrested in Montenegro after 17 September 2026: the letter of rights must be in writing and in your language

Montenegro's amended Criminal Procedure Code takes effect on 17 September 2026: a written letter of rights, interpreter challenges and phone searches.

Legal Updates

Montenegro's transfer tax law now names the same-sex life partner — but the exemption has been there since 2020

Legal Updates

Montenegro's transfer tax law now names the same-sex life partner — but the exemption has been there since 2020

Sl. list CG 132/2026 writes the same-sex life partner into Montenegro's transfer tax law, in force 10 September 2026. The exemption dates from 2020.

Inheritance Law

You Inherited a Montenegrin Flat. The Building Did Not Notice

You own it from the moment of death, but the building's clocks never pause. Co-heirs share one vote, and arrears turn enforceable after three months.

Tax

Turkey Payroll Taxes in 2026: The Minimum Wage and the Premium Ceiling, Social Security Premiums Split Between Employee and Employer, the Two-Point and Five-Point Discounts, Income Tax Brackets and the Minimum Wage Exemption, Stamp Tax, and What One Hire Costs

Turkey payroll taxes 2026: minimum wage, premiums, the 2 and 5 point discounts, income tax brackets, stamp tax and the employer cost of a hire.