Legal Guides & Latest Articles

Legal Updates

Montenegro's new data protection law: the €20,000 fine ceiling ends on 19 March 2027

Legal Updates

Montenegro's new data protection law: the €20,000 fine ceiling ends on 19 March 2027

Montenegro's new data protection law applies from 19 March 2027: fines up to €2 million or 4% of turnover, 72-hour breach notice, reach abroad.

Montenegro Tax Law

Montenegro VAT Number and Tax ID (PIB): Format, Checks and What an Invoice Must Show

A Montenegrin VAT number is the 8-digit PIB with an "ME" prefix since 6 February 2026. How to check one, what a B2B invoice must show, and who pays VAT.

Legal Updates

What Montenegrin police hold on you: the right that opens on 17 March 2027, and the window that stays shut

Legal Updates

What Montenegrin police hold on you: the right that opens on 17 March 2027, and the window that stays shut

Montenegro's new law 132/2026 on police data: the right to ask what is held on you, the refusal that needs no reason, and when the data goes abroad.

Montenegro Labor Law

Employer of Record in Montenegro: What the Law Actually Allows

Montenegro has no EOR licence. Staff leasing runs only through a Ministry-licensed agency under Labour Act Articles 52-59. The rest is deferred.

Corporate Law

Foreign Currency Clauses in Contracts Between Turkish Residents: The Prohibition of Article 4(g) of Decree No. 32, the Exceptions of Article 8 of Communiqué 2008-32/34 as Amended Through 2025, Where a Foreign-Owned Company Stands, and How Payment and Interest Work on a Foreign Currency Debt

Which contracts between Turkish residents may be priced in foreign currency: Communiqué 2008-32/34 Article 8, the exceptions and foreign-owned companies.

Montenegro Commercial Law

Letters of Intent, Term Sheets and Preliminary Contracts in Montenegro: When a Document Marked Non-Binding Is a Contract Under Article 19 of the Law on Obligations, What Breaking Off Negotiations Costs Under Article 23, What a Preliminary Contract Does Under Article 40, and How Earnest Money and Withdrawal Fees Work

When a letter of intent or preliminary contract binds in Montenegro: Articles 19, 23, 25, 40 and 75 to 79 of the Law on Obligations, and how to draft.

Corporate Law

Buying and Selling Assets and Shares on Behalf of a Turkish Company: Which Approvals the Commercial Code Requires Inside the Company, What Form an Asset Transfer and a Share Transfer Must Take, When the Competition Board Must Clear the Deal, and What Passes to the Buyer With the Business

Approvals and filings when a Turkish company buys or sells assets or shares: general meeting powers, notarised share transfers, merger control, staff.

Montenegro Commercial Law

Buying and Selling Company Assets and Shares on Behalf of a Montenegrin Company: Which Approvals the 2026 Companies Act Requires, Why a d.o.o. Sale Needs No Members' Resolution by Statute, How a Share Transfer Becomes Effective, When the 2026 Competition Law Requires Clearance Before Closing, and What Passes With the Business

Approvals, form and filings when a Montenegrin company buys or sells assets or shares: 2026 Companies Act, pre-emption, merger control, employees.

Montenegro Commercial Law

Non-Compete and Confidentiality Clauses for Employees and Managers in Montenegro: What Articles 161 and 162 of the Labour Law Allow an Employer to Enforce, Why an Unpaid Post-Employment Non-Compete Is Void, What the 2021 Trade Secrets Act Protects Without Any Clause, and How to Draft for Both

Non-compete and confidentiality in Montenegro: Labour Law Articles 161 and 162, the two-year cap, paid compensation, the Trade Secrets Act, and drafting.

Corporate Law

Answering Customer Demands in Turkey: What a Company Owes a Consumer Under Law No. 6502, a Data Subject Under Law No. 6698 and a Business Customer Under the Commercial Code, Which Clocks Run From the Day the Demand Arrives, and How to Write the Answer

How a company in Turkey must answer customer demands: consumer defect rights and two-year limits, thirty-day data requests, eight-day invoice objections.